What is a helium compressor?

Helium compressors utilize reciprocating piston technology to capture fresh, mixed or recovered helium at atmospheric or higher inlet pressures. Depending on flow and pressure requirements, multiple stages can be used to efficiently compress and transport gas.

• What are the technical characteristics of helium compressors?

• What is the development history of screw helium compressors?

• What is the importance of a helium compressor?

What are the technical characteristics of helium compressors?

The technical characteristics of helium compressors are determined by the special physical properties of helium. Among them, the small molecular weight is easy to leak and the large heat of compression caused by the large adiabatic index is the two major difficulties that restrict the development of the helium compressor technology. According to theoretical analysis, the leakage of different gases is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of the gas.

The critical temperature of helium is only 5.19 K, which is the most difficult gas to liquefy in nature, so it is selected as the main working medium of large-scale cryogenic systems. The unique physical properties of helium also determine the technical characteristics and difficulties of helium compression. Helium has a high adiabatic index (1.667), which is much higher than the adiabatic index of air (1.4), so it is easy to generate higher heat of compression during the compression process; coupled with the small specific heat capacity of helium, the compression temperature rise is large. Taking the temperature rise caused by adiabatic compression of room temperature helium as an example, when the pressure ratio is 14, the theoretical temperature rise is about 550°C, which is about 200°C higher than that of compressing the same air. Due to its small molecular weight, low kinematic viscosity, strong permeability, and easy leakage, helium is generally used as a leak detection medium.

What is the development history of screw helium compressors?

The screw helium compressor has a simple and compact structure, few wearing parts, a long maintenance-free period, high volumetric efficiency, and the flow rate can be adjusted steplessly. equipment, resulting in a relatively large volume of the unit. In order to improve the helium compression efficiency of the screw helium compressor, the rotor is preferably processed by a grinding machine, but the grinding machine equipment limits the diameter of the processing rotor (usually not more than 410 mm), which limits the maximum gas delivery capacity of a single screw compressor. For large-scale low-temperature systems, dozens of screw compressors are usually used in parallel.

What is the importance of a helium compressor?

The helium compressor is the core equipment of a large cryogenic system, and its efficiency and reliability determine the economy and reliability of the cryogenic system. With the continuous expansion of the application demand and scale of large-scale cryogenic technology, traditional piston and screw compressors have certain limitations. Helium compressors show a technical trend from piston machines to screw machines to centrifugal compressors. Various types of compressors have their own scope of application, and the advancement of science and technology and overall industrial technology will inevitably promote the development of compressor technology.

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